Basic

Faith and Belief in Islam

1) At-Tawhid

At-Tawhid means monotheism, or in simple language the Oneness of Allah. Allah is One True God. He has created everything. He was not created by anyone. He has no family relations. He has no parents. He has no children. He is the most Powerful. He is free of all necessities. He never tires, nor does He need any support or help. So Allah is One and Self-Sufficient. He has never created any other god to assist Him. Nor has He ever allowed anyone to be worshipped besides Him. So the words of witness or kalimah shahadah reads: “TI bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad & is the Messenger of Allah.” Therefore, believing in the Oneness of Allah is the first duty of a Muslim.

Shirk

Disbelieving in the Oneness of Allah and worshipping false gods is called shirk. Shirk means associating partners with Allah. Shirk is the most hateful sin in the sight of Allah, which He would never forgive. Allah will punish those who commit shirk, with most severe penalty.

Allah and His Attributes

The Quran says that the most beautiful names belong to Allah. There are various names and

attributes of Allah. A Muslim must also believe in these. This belief is called iman mujmal, or “faith in brief” which is as follows:

“I believe in Allah as He is with all His names and attributes, and I accept all His Commands.”

2) Al-Malaikah

Angels are known as malaikah in Arabic (singular malak). Allah has created them from light. They have wings. Angels are neither male nor female. Allah has made them free from sin. They are created to follow Allah's commands and serve Him. They have no free will, hence they never raise any objection to carrying out Allah's commands.

Duties of Angels

Allah has assigned different duties to the angels which they discharge regularly without any botheration or hesitation. For example, some angels have been assigned to prostrating themselves before Allah. They have been doing so since their creation and will continue to do so till the Last Day.

Here are some prominent angels with their respective duties:

Jibril: Conveying Allah's messages to the prophets.

Mikail: Controlling rain and weather.

Izrail: Taking away the souls of the creatures after putting them to death at the appointed time.

Israfil: Blowing the trumpet on the Last Day.

Munkarand Nakir: Questioning the dead in the grave. Ridwan Serving as the doorkeeper of Paradise.

Malik: Serving as the guardian of Hell.

In the old days, before Islam, people believed that the angels were daughters of Allah and they used to worship them. Allah said in the Ouran that the angels were not His daughters. Rather they were only creatures and servants of Allah.

3) Kutub-Allah

Kutub-Allah is an Arabic word. Kutub is the plural of kitab, which means “book.' So the phrase Kutub-Allah means “Books of Allah.' The Divine books or the books belonging to Allah are called “Scriptures” in English. Let us read more about the Scriptures of Allah.

The Purpose of a Scripture

From the time of Adam to the time of the Prophet Muhammad, a large number of prophets came to preach Allah's message to mankind. To every prophet Allah gave His message in different ways. The Divine messages of certain prophets have been compiled in the form of books. These books are called scriptures. Different scriptures were revealed to different prophets. All scriptures have their own name like, Injil, Quran, etc. You have already read the names of the scriptures and their respective prophets in Grade-3. To refresh your mind they are again presented below.

Suhuf: The Prophet Abraham or Ibrahim

Tawrat (Torah): The Prophet Moses or Musa

Zabur (Psalms): The Prophet David or Dawud

Injil (Gospel): The Prophet Jesus or Isa

Quran: The Prophet Muhammad

4) Rasul-Allah

Rasul-Allah means the messengers of Allah or prophets of Allah. As we have read above and in Grade-3, that the prophets were human beings like ourselves and were specially chosen by Allah to preach His message to the people.

The Qualities of the Prophets

Allah sent two types of prophets, namely, (1) nabi, or prophet, (2) rasul, or messenger. The difference between these two is that a messenger is the one who receives new revelations from Allah, and brings a new religion. In the case of the prophets, they receive revelations that have already been received by other prophets or messengers. The prophets preach an existing religion.

The features common to both prophets and messengers is that they are innocent and free of sin. They live a holy life. They never lie or deceive anyone. They teach and spread the message of Allah. Their function is to guide people to the right path chosen by Allah. They give the good news of Allah's reward to those who lead a righteous life. And they warn those who stray of the punishment of Allah.

The Prophets and Messengers Mentioned in the Quran

Listed below are the names of some of the prophets mentioned in the Ouran:

Adam (Adam)

Nuh (Noah)

Ibrahim (Abraham)

 Ismail (Ishmael)

 Ishag (Isaac)

 Lut (Lot)

Ya'gub (Jacob)

Yusuf (Joseph)

Musa (Moses)

Harun (Aaron)

Dawud (David)

Sulayman (Solomon)

Ilyas (Blijah)

Yunus (Jonah)

Alyasa (Elisha)

Ayyub (Job)

Zakariyyah (Zecharia)

Yahya (John)

Dhu'1 Kifl (Bzekiel)

Idris (Enoch)

Hud

Salih

Shu'ayb

Isa (Jesus)

Muhammad

Though all the prophets are not mentioned in the Quran, we know from the hadith (sayings of the Prophet) that Allah sent about one hundred and twenty-four thousand prophets (124,000) from the time of Adam to that of the 'Prophet Muhammad. Adam was the first prophet of Allah. And after him the long chain of prophets ended with the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad. Therefore, the Prophet Muhammad is known as Khatam an-Nabiyyin, or the “Seal of the Prophets.' Allah would not send any more prophets after him. All the prophets were chosen to preach to acertain people, especially their own people or clan. But the Prophet Muhammad was sent to guide all mankind. His mission was universal.

The Use of sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and alayhis- salam

It is apart of the Muslims' duty to convey the greeting or salam while uttering or hearing the name of a prophet. When a prophet other than the Prophet Muhammad is mentioned, (alayhis- salam) is said after his name. It means “peace be upon him.' And when the name of the Prophet Muhammad is mentioned, the phrase (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is said. This phrase means “peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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